Nucléation des cristaux

Table des matières

INTRODUCTION
1 Problématique
1.1 Mécanismes physiques de solidification magmatique
1.1.1 PROCESSUS CINÉTIQUES : NUCLÉATION ET CROISSANCE CRISTALLINES
1.1.2 PROCESSUS DE RÉÉQUILIBRAGE : MÛRISSEMENT TEXTURAL
1.1.3 PROCESSUS DE SÉPARATION MÉCANIQUE ENTRE LIQUIDE SILICATE ET CRISTAUX
1.1.4 AUTRES PROCESSUS
1.2 Modèles de solidification des magmas basaltiques
1.2.1 SOLIDIFICATION EN PROFONDEUR DANS UNE CHAMBRE MAGMATIQUE
1.2.2 SOLIDIFICATION EN SUB-SURFACE DANS UN LAC DE LAVE
1.3 Déformation desolivines
1.4 Synthèse
2 Objectifs
3 Méthodologie
4 Format de la thèse
RÉFÉRENCES
CHAPITRE 1 MAGMA SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSES BENEATH KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII: A QUANTITATIVE TEXTURAL AND GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE 1969-1974 MAUNA ULU LAVAS
1.1 Abstract
1.2 Introduction
1.3 Mineralogy and petrography
1.3.1 SAMPLING
1.3.2 MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS
1.4 Chemical studies
1.4.1 ANALYTICAL METHODS
1.4.2 WHOLE-ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY
1.4.2.1 Major elements
1.4.2.2 Ni and Cr content
1.4.3 OLIVINE CHEMISTRY
1.5 Quantitative textural measurements: Crystal Size Distribution (CSD)
1.5.1 CSD THEORY
1.5.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS
1.5.3 CSD RESULTS
1.6 Discussion
1.6.1 ORIGIN OF MAUNA ULU OLIVINE: MANTLE, CRUST OR BOTH?
1.6.2 WHERE AND WHEN DID THE CRYSTALLISATION OCCUR?
1.6.3 ADDITION AND DEFORMATION OF OLIVINE
1.6.4 AGGREGATION AND TEXTURAL COARSENING
1.6.5 DISRUPTION OF THE CUMULATE AND INCORPORATION INTO THE MAGMA
1.6.6 MOVEMENT TO THE SUMMIT AND RIFT ZONES-MULTIPLE MAGMA MIXING EVENTS?
1.7 Model of Mauna Ulu magma dynamics in the context of Kilauea dynamics
1.8 Acknowledgements
1.9 References
CHAPITRE 2 WHAT CAN CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND OLIVINE COMPOSITIONS TELL US ABOUT MAGMA SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSES INSIDE KILAUEA IKI LAVA LAKE, HAWAII?
2.1 Abstract
2.2 Introduction
2.3 The 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption
2.4 Mineralogy and petrography overview
2.4.1 SAMPLING
2.4.2 MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS
2.4.2.1 General remarks
2.4.2.2 Olivines
2.4.2.3 Olivine aggregates
2.4.2.4 Other minerals
2.4.2.5 Vertical olivine-rich bodies
2.4.2.6 Olivine-depleted zone
2.4.3 CHEMICAL STUDIES
2.4.3.1 Analytical methods
2.4.3.2 Olivine core and rim composition distribution
2.4.3.3 Zoning
2.4.3.4 CaO and NiO composition
2.4.4 DEFORMED OLIVINE CRYSTALS
2.5 Quantitative textural measurements: Crystal Size Distribution (CSD)
2.5.1 METHODS
2.5.2 CSD RESULTS
2.5.2.1 General remarks
2.5.2.2 CSD variations for sizes <1.0 mm
2.5.2.3 CSD variations for sizes >1.0 mm
2.5.2.4 Other CSD-derived results
2.5.2.5 Lateral and depth-related evolution: centre versus margin of the lake
2.5.2.6 Size distributions of deformed crystals
2.5.2.7 Olivine size distribution in thevorbs
2.6 Discussion
2.6.1 RESIDENCE TIMES OF OLIVINE IN KILAUEAIKI MAGMAS 195
2.6.2 PROCESSES ACTIVE IN KILAUEA IKI MAGMA SYSTEM BEFORE ERUPTION
2.6.2.1 Mixing
2.6.2.2 Coarsening
2.6.2.3 Crystal deformation
2.6.3 PROCESSES ACTIVE IN KILAUEA IKI LAVA LAKE 206
2.6.3.1 Crystal settling
2.6.3.2 Convective or advective redistribution of crystals
2.6.3.3 Final crystal growth
2.6.3.4 Origin of the chemical and mineralogical vertical stratification
2.7 Conclusions
2.8 Acknowledgements
2.9 References
CHAPITRE 3 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, MOSAICITY AND STRAIN ANALYSIS OF HAWAIIAN OLIVINES USING IN-SITU MICRO X-RAY DIFFRACTION (LIXRD)
3.1 Abstract
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Materials and methods
3.3.1 MATERIALS
3.3.2 MICRO XRD METHODS
3.4 Results and discussion
3.5 Concluding remarks
3.6 Acknowledgements
3.7 References
SYNTHÈSE ET CONCLUSION
ANNEXE 1
ANNEXE 2
ANNEXE 3
ANNEXE 4
ANNEXE 5