Les pesticides organochlorés

Table des matières

REMERCIEMENTS
RÉSUMÉ
ABSTRACT
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
LISTE DES TABLEAUX
LISTE DES FIGURES
INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE
ARTICLE l RELATIVE POTENCY OF PCB 126 TO TCDD FOR SUBLETHAL EMBRYOTOXICITY IN THE MUMMICHOG (FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS) 
1.1 Résumé
1.2 Abstract
1.3 Introduction
1.4 Materials and methods
1.4.1 Chemicals preparation and analyses
1.4.2 Spawners and eggs handling
1.4.3 Embryos exposure
1.4.4 Locomotor activity
1.4.5 Prey capture ability and efficiency
1.4.6 Morphometry and biochemistry .
1.4.7 Relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
1.4.8 Statistical analyses
1.5 Results
1.5.1 Chemical analyses
1.5.2 Mortality and hatching success
1.5.3 Deformities and body length
1.5.4 Locomotor activity
1.5.5 Prey capture ability
1.5.6 EROD activity
1.5.7 Genes expression levels
1.5.8 Correlation between different responses
1.6 Discussion
1.6.1 Relative potency of PCB 126 versus TCDD to induce EROD activity
1.6.2 Effect of TCDD and PCB 126 on behavior of mummichog larvae
1.6.3 Effects of TCDD and PCB 126 on gene expression
1.6.4 Relevance of the study
1.7 Acknowledgments
ARTICLE II APPLICABILITY OF THE TCDD-TEQ APPROACH TO PREDICT SUBLETHAL EMBRYOTOXICITY IN FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS Xl
2.1 Résumé
2.2 Abstract
2.3 Introduction
2.4 Materials and methods
2.4.1 Selection of doses, preparation and characterization of exposure solutions
2.4.2 Fish and egg care
2.4.3 Embryos exposure, incubation and hatching
2.4.4 Locomotor activity
2.4.5 Predatory capacities
2.4.6 Morphometry
2.4.7 EROD activity measurement
2.4.8 Data processing and statistical analyses
2.5 Results
2.5.1 Chemical analyses and Aroc1or 1254 characterization
2.5.2 Mortality and hatching success
2.5.3 Body length and malformations
2.5.4 Locomotor activity and predatory capacity
2.5.5 EROD activity and estimation of relative potencies
2.6 Discussion
2.6.1 Embryotoxicity and relative potencies of dioxin-like compounds
2.6.2 Embryotoxicity of non-dioxin-like PCB congeners
2.6.3 Sublethal embryotoxicity of Aroclor
2.7 Acknowledgments
ARTICLE III TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN EMBRYOTOXICITY OF LAKE ONTARIO AMERICAN EEL (ANGUILLA ROSTRATA) EXTRACTS TO DEVELOPING FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS
3.1 Résumé
3.2 Abstract
3.3 Introduction
3.4 Materials and methods
3.4.1 Eel collection
3.4.2 EeI extracts and TCDD solution preparation
3.4.3 Chemical analyses
3.4.4 Model species: spawner and egg care
3.4.5 Embryo exposure, incubation and hatching
3.4.6 Locomotor activity
3.4.7 Prey capture ability and efficiency
3.4.8 Morphometry
3.4.9 EROD activity measurement
3.4.10 Bioassay- and chemically derived TCDD-TEQ calculations
3.4.11 Data processing and statistical analyses
3.5 Results
3.5.1 Eel biological characteristics
3.5 .2 Chemical analyses
3.5.3 Mortality and hatching success
3.5.4 Body length and deformities
3.5.5 Locomotor activity and predatory capacity
3.5.6 EROD activity
3.5 .7 Estimation of bioassay- and chemically derived TCDD-TEQs
3.6 Discussion
3.6.1 Temporal trends in the embryotoxicity of eel ex tracts to F heteroclitus embryos
3.6.2 Predictability of the toxic potency of eel ex tracts
3.6.3 Perspectives
3.7 Acknowledgments
CONCLUSION GÉNÉRALE
RÉFÉRENCES