Influence de l’aménagement forestier

Table des matières

INTRODUCTION GENERALE
Contexte de la thèse
Le bois mort
Rôles écologiques du bois mort
Les organismes décomposeurs du bois mort : les champignons saproxyliques
Interactions fongiques
Rôle des décomposeurs pionniers
Lien entre diversité et fonction
Influence de l’aménagement forestier
Objectifs de la thèse
CHAPITRE I SPECIES COMPOSITION OF SAPROXYLIC FUNGAL COMMUNITIES ON DECA YING LOGS IN THE BOREAL FOREST
1.1 Abstract
1.2 Introduction
1.3 Materials and methods
1.3.1 Field sites description
1.3.2 Field methods
1.3.3 Log species identification
1.3.4 Wood physical and chemical characteristics
1.3.5 DNA extraction from wood
1.3.6 PCR amplification offungal-specific genes
1.3.7 Separation offungal ITS amplicons by DGGE
1.3.8 Gel analysis
1.3.9 Cloning and sequencing of excised DGGE bands
1.3.10 Statistical analysis
1.3.11 Nucleotide sequence accession numbers
1.4 Results
1.4.1 Stand characteristics
1.4.2 Dead wood properties
1.4.3 Fungal richness and diversity
1.4.4 Saproxylic fungal community composition
1.4.5 Indicator species
1.5 Discussion
1.6 Acknowledgements
CHAPITRE II PATTERNS OF SAPROXYLIC FUNGAL COLONIZATION DURING WOOD DECOMPOSITION ALONG A GRADIENT OF FOREST DISTURBANCE 
2.1 Abstract
2.2 Introduction
2.3 Materials and methods
2.3.1 Site description
2.3.2 Field methods
2.3.3 Laboratory analyses
2.3.4 Wood physical and chemical characteristics
2.3.5 DNA extraction and PCR amplification of fungal-specific genes
2.3.6 Separation offungal ITS amplicons by DGGE
2.3.7 Gel analysis
2.3.8 Cloning and sequencing of excised DGGE bands
2.3.9 Respiration
2.3.10 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Stands structure
2.4.2 Fungal richness and diversity
2.4.3 Fungal succession
2.4.4 Respiration
2.4.5 Wood decomposition
2.5 Discussion
2.5.1 Decomposition
2.5.2 Relationships between fungal diversity and respiration
2.6 Acknowledgements
CHAPITRE III IMPACT OF HARVESTING INTENSITY ON WOOD-INHABITING FUNGI IN AS PEN BOREAL FORESTS OF EASTERN CANADA
3.1 Abstract
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Material and Methods
3.3.1 Field sites description
3.3.2 Field methods
3.3.3 DNA extraction and PCR amplification offungal-specific genes
3.3.4 Separation offungal ITS amplicons by DGGE
3.3.5 Gel analysis
3.3.6 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Stand characteristics
3.4.1 Fungal richness and diversity
3.4.2 Indicator species
3.4.1 Relationships between fungal communities and spatial distribution of snags and logs
3.4.3 Community composition
3.5 Discussion
CONCLUSION GENERALE 
Les communautés fongiques saproxyliques en peuplements naturels
Colonisation initiale
Relation entre diversité fongique et décomposition du bois mort.
Les champignons décomposeurs et l’aménagement forestier/perturbation
Espèces indicatrices